Five modules, one safety story
From everyday heat and cooling, through one cell running away and protection stopping the spread, to how temperature shapes ten-year life—one module per step, scrubbable to any moment.
Principles·New energy & batteries
New Energy & Battery Principle Animation:Storage Battery Thermal Safety Lab
Battery and storage safety designs must be explained to reviewers, owners and fire authorities, but heat is invisible: how much each cell generates, how much the cooling removes, how heat travels after one cell runs away, and how much an insulation pad really blocks. This lab draws one module inside a storage cabinet in code—from charging heat and liquid cooling, through an internal short and thermal runaway, to protection stopping the spread and what temperature does to ten-year life.
Every cell temperature is computed from a thermal network: I²R heating, cold-plate conduction, Arrhenius reaction heat during runaway, and an LFP cycle-life model for ageing. Drag the C-rate, coolant flow or pad thickness, or switch to NCM cells, and the drawing, curves and readings change together. Your own cell, module or storage system can be made the same way—as video, GIFs or a web demo.
ForBattery, storage, solar, hydrogen and EV companies
BATTERY THERMAL LAB
Storage battery moduleHeat, cooling and thermal runaway
8 × 280 Ah prismatic cells · bottom cold plate · 2 mm aerogel pads · top vent duct
EXPERIMENT 01EXPERIMENT 02EXPERIMENT 03EXPERIMENT 04EXPERIMENT 05
Without cooling, cells heat up—the middle ones most
The cold plate draws heat out through the cell bottoms
One cell shorts internally—with no protection
Insulation, venting and cooling keep it to one cell
A few degrees warmer every day, much less capacity in ten years
StartDischargingEnd of dischargeCoolant flowsHeat removedEnd of dischargeShort heatsVentingRunawayChain reactionTriggerPads block heatCooling recoversYear 1Year 5Year 10NormalAbove 35 °CCell in runawayPropagatingSpread containedBelow 80% capacity
CoolerHotterBusbar
CoolantHotterBusbar
Heat and heat flowVented gasCoolant
Heat and heat flowInsulation padsVented gasCoolant
Remaining capacityHotterCoolerWithout cooling
280 Ah cellMiddle cells hotterEnd cells lose heat to end platesBusbarCold plateCoolant inCoolant outAerogel pad#4 internal shortVent opensFlammable gasGas ignitesGas detector alarmNeighbour #5Vent duct to outsideHottest cell ages fastestCooled: all eight age slowly and evenly
Comfort limit 35 °CHottest cellCoolest cellNo coolingCooledSelf-heating onset#4 runaway#5 triggeredNo protectionProtectedRetirement 80%
↑ Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Retention (%)Depth of discharge (%)Depth of discharge (%)Time (min)Time (min)Years (one cycle a day) →
35 °CSelf-heatCoolantRetire
↑ Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Temperature (°C)Retention (%)CellCellCellCellCell (grey: no cooling, green: cooled) →
0%
What to watch
The heat comes from current through internal resistance (I²R): double the C-rate and heat quadruples. With only air cooling it keeps building up; the middle cells, sandwiched by neighbours, run hotter than the ends and soon pass the 35 °C comfort limit for LFP.
Coolant enters the plate on the left and picks up heat under each cell, leaving slightly warmer. Cells stay around 30 °C and the spread between them shrinks; coolant warms downstream, so the right-hand cells run a little higher.
This step shows a pack with no insulation pads and no vent duct. Cell #4 heats from an internal short; past a hundred degrees its vent opens and releases flammable gas; once its own reaction heats it faster than 1 °C per second, it is in thermal runaway. Neighbours pressed against it, heated by burning gas above, fail one after another.
The same short still sends #4 into runaway. But aerogel pads cut the heat reaching its neighbours to a few percent, the vent duct carries flammable gas straight out of the cabinet, and the cooling keeps working, so #5 peaks at only a few tens of degrees. Try a thinner pad or turning the coolant flow to zero.
Ageing speeds up with temperature following Arrhenius behaviour: 10 °C warmer on average means roughly half again as much fade. Cooling is not only about accidents—it keeps all eight cells ageing evenly and slowly, so the pack reaches the 80% retirement line much later.
01ABOUT THIS LAB
What’s in this lab
Temperatures from a thermal network
Heating, cooling, cell-to-cell conduction and runaway heat are computed for every cell; the colour map, curves and readings share the same numbers.
Drag parameters, see results
C-rate, coolant flow, pad thickness and chemistry are adjustable, so you can try “does a 0.5 mm pad still hold” or “what if the pump stops” on the spot.
One build, many formats
The same lab records as 4K video, splits into step GIFs, or runs on your website, trade-show touchscreen or in a safety review.
02WHO USES IT
How new energy & batteries clients use principle animation
Battery, storage, solar, hydrogen and EV companies
Launches, investor pitches, trade-show screens, sales explainers
03MORE
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Page updated 2026-10-24